The following measures belong to the group that falls into AHRQ's Prevention Quality Indicator category. The Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs) are a set of measures that can be used with hospital inpatient discharge data to identify quality of care for "ambulatory care sensitive conditions." These are conditions for which good outpatient care can potentially prevent the need for hospitalization or for which early intervention can prevent complications or more severe disease. The PQIs are population based and adjusted for covariates.

Even though these indicators are based on hospital inpatient data, they provide insight into the community health care system or services outside the hospital setting. For example, patients with diabetes may be hospitalized for diabetic complications if their conditions are not adequately monitored or if they do not receive the patient education needed for appropriate self-management.

The PQIs can be used as a "screening tool" to help flag potential health care quality problem areas that need further investigation; provide a quick check on primary care access or outpatient services in a community by using patient data found in a typical hospital discharge abstract; and, help public health agencies, State data organizations, health care systems, and others interested in improving health care quality in their communities.

SQL to acquire these measures is as follows:

Acquiring data on All PQI

select a.measure_id, a.author_measure_id, a.name_friendly

from measures as a, measure_groups_measures as b

where a.measure_id = b.measure_id

and b.measure_group_id = 23

This includes observed, risk-adjusted, and observed to expected measures.

measure_id	author_measure_id	name_friendly
10701	PQI 02	Perforated Appendix
10702	PQI 07	Hypertension Admissions
10704	PQI 14	Uncontrolled Diabetes Admissions
10706	PQI 10	Dehydration Admissions
10707	PQI 11	Bacterial Pneumonia Admissions
10708	PQI 12	Urinary Tract Infection Admissions
10709	PQI 13	Angina Admissions
10710	PQI 16	Lower Extremity Amputations
10711	PQI 01	Diabetes Short-term Complications Admissions
10712	PQI 08	Congestive Heart Failure Admissions
10713	PQI 03	Diabetes Long-term Complications Admissions
10731	PQI 90	Overall Preventive Care
10732	PQI 91	Overall Acute Preventive Care
10733	PQI 92	Overall Chronic Preventive Care
10734	PQI 93	Overall Diabetes Preventive Care
10735	PQI 94	Overall Circulatory Preventive Care
10736	PQI 95	Overall Respiratory Preventive Care
10737	oPQI 02	Observed Perforated Appendix
10738	oPQI 07	Observed Hypertension Admissions
10739	oPQI 09	Observed Low Birth Weight
10740	oPQI 14	Observed Uncontrolled Diabetes Admissions
10741	oPQI 15	Observed Adult Asthma Admissions
10742	oPQI 10	Observed Dehydration Admissions
10743	oPQI 11	Observed Bacterial Pneumonia Admissions
10744	oPQI 12	Observed Urinary Tract Infection Admissions
10745	oPQI 13	Observed Angina Admissions
10746	oPQI 16	Observed Lower Extremity Amputations
10747	oPQI 01	Observed Diabetes Short-term Complications Admissions
10748	oPQI 08	Observed Congestive Heart Failure Admissions
10749	oPQI 03	Observed Diabetes Long-term Complications Admissions
10750	oPQI 05	Observed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Admissions
10751	oPQI 90	Observed Overall Preventative Care
10752	oPQI 91	Observed Overall Acute Preventative Care
10753	oPQI 92	Observed Overall Chronic Preventative Care
10754	oPQI 93	Observed Overall Diabetes Preventative Care
10755	oPQI 94	Observed Overall Circulatory Preventative Care
10756	oPQI 95	Observed Overall Respiratory Preventative Care
10779	PQI 90 ADM	Hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions per 100,000
10992	raPQI 09	Risk Adjusted Low Birth Weight
12162	prev_hosp_asth_w	Asthma in Younger Adults - White
12163	prev_hosp_asth_b	Asthma in Younger Adults - Black
12164	prev_hosp_asth_h	Asthma in Younger Adults - Hispanic
12165	prev_hosp_asth_o	Preventable Hospitalizations for Asthma in Younger Adults: Other
12166	prev_hosp_uncdia_w	Uncontrolled Diabetes - White
12167	prev_hosp_uncdia_b	Uncontrolled Diabetes - Black
12168	prev_hosp_uncdia_h	Uncontrolled Diabetes - Hispanic
12169	prev_hosp_uncdia_o	Preventable Hospitalizations for Uncontrolled Diabetes: Other
12170	prev_hosp_stdia_w	Short Term Complications of Diabetes - White
12171	prev_hosp_stdia_b	Short Term Complications of Diabetes - Black
12172	prev_hosp_stdia_h	Short Term Complications of Diabetes - Hispanic
12173	prev_hosp_stdia_o	Preventable Hospitalizations for Short Term (ST) Complications of Diabetes: Other
12174	prev_hosp_ledia_w	Lower Extremity Amputations - White
12175	prev_hosp_ledia_b	Lower Extremity Amputations - Black
12176	prev_hosp_ledia_h	Lower Extremity Amputations - Hispanic
12177	prev_hosp_ledia_o	Preventable Hospitalizations for Diabetes (DM) Lower Extremity (LE) Amputations: Other
12178	prev_hosp_ltdia_w	Long Term Complications of Diabetes - White
12179	prev_hosp_ltdia_b	Long Term Complications of Diabetes - Black
12180	prev_hosp_ltdia_h	Long Term Complications of Diabetes - Hispanic
12181	prev_hosp_ltdia_o	Preventable Hospitalizations for Long Term (LT) Complications of Diabetes: Other
12196	OE:PQI 02	Observed to Expected Ratio: Perforated Appendix
12197	OE:PQI 07	Observed to Expected Ratio: Hypertension Admissions
12198	OE:PQI 14	Observed to Expected Ratio: Uncontrolled Diabetes Admissions
12199	OE:PQI 15	Observed to Expected Ratio: Adult Asthma Admissions
12200	OE:PQI 10	Observed to Expected Ratio: Dehydration Admissions
12201	OE:PQI 11	Observed to Expected Ratio: Bacterial Pneumonia Admissions
12202	OE:PQI 12	Observed to Expected Ratio: Urinary Tract Infection Admissions
12203	OE:PQI 13	Observed to Expected Ratio: Angina Admissions
12204	OE:PQI 16	Observed to Expected Ratio: Lower Extremity Amputations
12205	OE:PQI 01	Observed to Expected Ratio: Diabetes Short-term Complications Admissions
12206	OE:PQI 08	Observed to Expected Ratio: Congestive Heart Failure Admissions
12207	OE:PQI 03	Observed to Expected Ratio: Diabetes Long-term Complications Admissions
12208	OE:PQI 05	Observed to Expected Ratio: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Admissions
12239	prev_hosp_COPD_w	COPD or Asthma in Older Adults - White
12240	prev_hosp_COPD_b	COPD or Asthma in Older Adults - Black
12241	prev_hosp_COPD_h	COPD or Asthma in Older Adults - Hispanic
12242	prev_hosp_COPD_o	Preventable Hospitalizations for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Asthma in Older Adults: Other
12249	PQI 15	Asthma in Younger Adults Admissions
12250	PQI 05	COPD or Asthma in Older Adults
16855	oPQI 05	Observed COPD or Asthma in Older Adults
16856	oePQI 05	Observed to Expected COPD or Asthma in Older Adults
16857	oePQI 09	Observed to Expected Low Birth Weight
16858	oPQI 15	Observed Asthma in Younger Adults Admissions
16859	oePQI 15	Observed to Expected Asthma in Younger Adults Admissions
16860	oePQI 90	Observed to Expected Overall Preventive Care
16861	oePQI 91	Observed to Expected Overall Acute Preventive Care
16862	oePQI 92	Observed to Expected Overall Chronic Preventive Care
17132	oprev_hosp_asth_w	Observed Asthma in Younger Adults - White
17133	oprev_hosp_asth_b	Observed Asthma in Younger Adults - Black
17134	oprev_hosp_asth_h	Observed Asthma in Younger Adults - Hispanic
17135	oprev_hosp_uncdia_w	Observed Uncontrolled Diabetes - White
17136	oprev_hosp_uncdia_b	Observed Uncontrolled Diabetes - Black
17137	oprev_hosp_uncdia_h	Observed Uncontrolled Diabetes - Hispanic
17138	oprev_hosp_stdia_w	Observed Short Term Complications of Diabetes - White
17139	oprev_hosp_stdia_b	Observed Short Term Complications of Diabetes - Black
17140	oprev_hosp_stdia_h	Observed Short Term Complications of Diabetes - Hispanic
17141	oprev_hosp_ledia_w	Observed Lower Extremity Amputations - White
17142	oprev_hosp_ledia_b	Observed Lower Extremity Amputations - Black
17143	oprev_hosp_ledia_h	Observed Lower Extremity Amputations - Hispanic
17144	oprev_hosp_ltdia_w	Observed Long Term Complications of Diabetes - White
17145	oprev_hosp_ltdia_b	Observed Long Term Complications of Diabetes - Black
17146	oprev_hosp_ltdia_h	Observed Long Term Complications of Diabetes - Hispanic
17147	oprev_hosp_COPD_w	Observed COPD or Asthma in Older Adults - White
17148	oprev_hosp_COPD_b	Observed COPD or Asthma in Older Adults - Black
17149	oprev_hosp_COPD_h	Observed COPD or Asthma in Older Adults - Hispanic

Statistical significance is calculated using a 95% confidence interval on a standard z-test for state-wide values and populated in the sig_var_state field of pellucid2.entity_values.

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